Advancing pharmaceutical chemistry through green analytical methods: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable practices in pharmaceutical chemistry has led to the development of green
analytical chemistry, which minimizes environmental impact while ensuring analytical precision. This review
explores key advancements in green chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, emphasizing the reduction
of hazardous solvents, the use of eco-friendly reagents, and energy-efficient analytical methods. Miniaturization
and automation have further enhanced efficiency by reducing sample volume, reagent consumption, and waste
generation. The regulatory landscape is also evolving, with international agencies such as the International
Council for Harmonisation, Environmental Protection Agency, and European Medicines Agency promoting
greener analytical methodologies. Despite challenges, such as high initial costs and validation complexities, the
future of green pharmaceutical analysis is promising, driven by artificial intelligence integration, solvent-free
techniques, and real-time monitoring technologies. The adoption of sustainable analytical practices will not only
improve environmental safety but also enhance operational efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry.