Phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, and therapeutic uses of (Palash) Butea monosperma: A review

Abstract

The present review aims to comprehensively summarize the botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, 
and pharmacological potential of Butea monosperma. This plant is commonly known as Palash and is rich in 
bioactive compounds. Various parts of the plant, including flowers, seeds, bark, and leaves, are rich in bioactive 
constituents such as flavonoids (butrin, isobutrin, butein), chalcones, glycosides, tannins, and steroids, which 
contribute to its wide spectrum of biological activities, including hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, 
anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, and insecticidal. Conventionally, 
it is also valued for its tonic, astringent, aphrodisiac, and diuretic uses. B. monosperma is also recognized for its 
ecological and economic roles, making it a valuable candidate for sustainable drug development and natural pest 
control efforts, thus representing a promising source for novel therapeutic agents.