Safedah (Lead carbonate): A comprehensive review on a mineral origin Unani drug

Abstract

The present discussion examines lead carbonate, a medicinal substance derived from minerals that have been
extensively used in the Unani System of Medicine as Safedah Kashghari. The study explores the origins, chemical
properties, description, preparation methods, temperament, and actions of lead carbonate as documented in both
Unani literature and modern scientific research. Multiple sources, ranging from ancient Unani texts to recent
scientific papers are referenced to support the information presented in the study. In addition, a table is provided
to outline the actions of lead carbonate in both the Unani System of Medicine and English terminology. This
comprehensive review concludes that when used in the prescribed dosage, lead carbonate is a valuable natural
remedy.