Organic leaf extracts of Garcinia mangostana grown in ivory coast inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial strains

Abstract

Introduction: Garcinia mangostana is a plant tree used in traditional medicine in Africa and South-Asia. Its
tropical fruit is an important source of xanthones as well as other bioactive substances identified in many studies.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of organic leaf extracts of G. mangostana grown in
Ivory Coast as a novel source of antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: A phytochemical screening
of the plant leaf was established by various colorimetric assays protocols. Three organic leaf extracts were
tested, the dichloromethane leaf extract (GMLD), the methanol leaf extract (GMLM), and the n-hexane leaf
extract (GMLH). The antibacterial activity was tested against four reference bacterial strains Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method and
microdilution assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of all chemical groups tested such as
tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The inhibitory activity of dichloromethane, n-hexane, and methanol extracts
was remarkable (inhibition zone ≥14 mm) against the four strains. However, GMLD showed the lowest inhibition
capacity. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration have ranged
from 0.25 to >4 mg/ml. Conclusion: This study is a first-time investigation on the pharmacological potential of
G. mangostana leaves against main pathogenic bacterial strains which are more resistant to antibiotics. Our results
proved that G. mangostana leave extracts can be used to treat diseases caused by bacterial infections.