In vitro anti‑proliferative, anti‑bacterial potential and induction of DNA strand break of partially purified Cuscuta reflexa Roxb

Madhulika Bhagat, Ajit K. Saxena

Abstract


Cuscuta reflexa is an important medicinal plant, mentioned in Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine. The plant is selected to evaluate the possibility for novel pharmaceuticals for anticancer and antibiotics drugs. Since most of these drugs had developed resisitance against currently used chemotherapeutics. This study describes the in vitro anti‑proliferative, anti‑bacterial and single stand DNA break of the holoprasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa. Bioassay‑guided fractionation and partial purification of the plant were done and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines by SRB assay and single strand DNA break by comet assay. Further antibacterial activity was also performed by agar well diffusion assay. The alcoholic extract, chloroform fraction and partially purified ethylacetate–methanol (1:1) sub‑fraction of C. reflexa showed anti‑proliferative potential against IMR‑32 and 502713 human cancer cell lines. Alcoholic extract exhibited anti‑proliferative activity of 74% and 72%, chloroform fraction demonstrated 91% and 95% against neuroblastoma (IMR‑32) and colon (502713) cancer cell lines at 100 μg/ml. Single strand DNA break of the chloroform
fraction was also demonstrated using comet assay, indicating that possible mode of cell death may be apoptosis. Anti‑microbial properties were evaluated against eight species of pathogenic and non‑pathogenic microorganisms and maximum zone of inhibition for anti‑bacterial activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm) by alcoholic extract, 21 mm by chloroform fraction and 12 mm by ethylacetate–methanol (1:1) sub‑fraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the chloroform fraction was 1500 μg/ml for S. aureus. The plant was found to be equally effective against gram‑positive and negative bacteria. Studies are well underway to isolate and identify active compounds from chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate:methanol (1:1) sub‑fraction, which can be used as effective drug for various diseases.
Key words: Anti‑bacterial, anti‑proliferation, bioassay‑guided fractions, comet assay, Cuscuta reflexa, minimum inhibitory
concentration

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v5i4.219

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