Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and thrombolytic activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study is to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening followed by an investigation of the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and thrombolytic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea. Methods: Phytochemical screening was done to find the presence of various secondary metabolites of the plant. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by human red blood cell (HRBC) method. Using hypotonic solution-induced human erythrocyte lysis model, membrane-stabilizing activity was examined by considering aspirin as standard. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated using the in vitro clot lysis model. Egg albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to evaluate the antiarthritic potential. Results and Discussion: Phytochemical tests of ethanolic leaf extract of B. purpurea indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, lignin’s, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. In case of anti-inflammatory activity, the maximum percentage stabilization of HRBC membrane was observed as 59.2% at 500 μg/ml concentration. The maximum percentage inhibition by BSA method and egg albumin method was observed as 82.2% and 94%, respectively, at 500 μg/ml concentration for antiarthritic activity. During assay for thrombolytic activity, it revealed that 91.02 ± 2.6% lysis of clot, while standard streptokinase and water used as positive and negative controls, demonstrated 72.835 ± 5.702% and 2.725 ± 0.983% lysis of clot, respectively.Conclusion: The present outcomes highlight the role of ethanolic leaf extract of B. purpurea for its anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and thrombolytic activities. It reveals that the phytochemical constituents are responsible for these activities.